universal property of a ring localization
1. Proposition
Let be a commutative ring,
a localization along
,
the canonical ring homomorphism for a localization and
a ringhomomorphism, such that
Then there exists a unique homomorphism
such that
2. Proof
2.1. uniqueness
Let , then for
we get by cancelling in a localization
hence
Thus the map is - if existent - uniquely defined by
2.2. existence
2.2.1. welldefined map
Let , then by construction there exists an
such that
Therefore applying
By assumption hence since units are no zero divisor we conclude, that
Furthermore, by assumption there exist inverse elements , hence
2.2.2. ringhomomorphism
Let , then
or